Back in the 80's I used a bobcat to dig out a basement under my existing house . . . used a Bobcat CAREFULLY!

Of course the walls were rebar reinforced concrete with a sheet of black plastic up against the dirt before pouring. Once poured, while the concrete wall was still "green" . . . I furred out the wall with 2"x2" timber and filled in the space between the furring strips with cut up corrugated cardboard several layers thick to about 2"/5 cm. Pretty effective and cheap insulation with the corrugation and airspace within the cardboard. Cheap as in free, just a little labor to carefully cut the cardboard to fit between the furring strips, then on went the gypboard. Very warm, snug basement in the winter when the temp was -15 Celsius. I suppose it is technically a fire hazard, but with 1/2 in. gypboard on one side and 9 in. of concrete on the other, what's to burn?